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ACTA Pharmaceutica Sciencia
2026 , Vol 64 , Num 3
Geographical variation in phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of supercritical CO2 extracts of Rheum ribes L. assessed by HPLC-DAD
1 Istanbul Medipol University, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Istanbul, Türkiye2 Istanbul University, Institute of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Türkiye
3 Istanbul University, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Istanbul, Türkiye
DOI : 10.23893/1307-2080.APS64019 Viewed : 225 - Downloaded : 151 Within the scope of this study, the phytochemical profile and antioxidant capacity of root samples belonging to Rheum ribes, collected from five regions of Eastern Türkiye and one region of Iran, were evaluated with respect to geographical variation and extraction method. Extracts were obtained from the root parts using supercritical CO? extraction (SFE), ethanol-co-solvent supercritical CO? extraction (SFE+EtOH), and subcritical water extraction (SWE). Total phenolic content (TPC) was determined using the Folin?Ciocalteu method, antioxidant capacity was analyzed by the DPPH radical scavenging assay, and aloe-emodin content was quantitatively assessed using a validated HPLC-DAD method. SWE extracts exhibited pronounced geographical variation compared to SFE+EtOH extracts, whereas neat SFE resulted in negligible phenolic recovery. The highest phenolic contents were detected in the Sivas and Malatya populations. Antioxidant activity was particularly evident in the Iran population (IC?? ? 79.2 ppm, SWE) and the Sivas sample (IC?? ? 255.5 ppm, SFE+EtOH), and these findings were interpreted in relation to marked edaphic differences among the collection sites. Aloe-emodin recovery was significantly higher in SFE+EtOH extracts (3.7?7.4 mg g?¹ d.w.) compared to neat SFE (?1.2 mg g?¹ d.w.). Overall, differences in extraction polarity and ecological?edaphic conditions played a decisive role in metabolite recovery. SWE proved superior for phenolic enrichment, whereas ethanol-modified SFE was more efficient for anthraquinone extraction. Keywords : Rheum ribes, supercritical extract, antioxidant activity, HPLC- DAD, phytochemical composition