| Submission to first decision
(The average time from manuscript submission to desk rejection, direct rejection/acceptance or assignment to the first editor) Note: For manuscripts that fully comply with the journal template. However, this timeframe does not apply to manuscripts with formatting or guideline deficiencies. If a manuscript is returned to the authors for corrections, the administrative review process will restart from the re-submission date. |
3 weeks |
|---|---|
| Submission to decision after review (For papers that are sent to review, the average time from submission to receipt of first editor decision) | 6 weeks |
| Submission to final decision (The average time from manuscript submission to the final editorial decision) | 16 weeks |
| Submission to publication (The average time from acceptance to publication. Manuscript published in early view are also included in this calculation) | 24 weeks |
ACTA Pharmaceutica Sciencia
2026 , Vol 64 , Num 3
Screening and cytotoxicological assessment of sulfur-spring Bacillus isolates for the bioremediation of methyl red and other azo dyes
1 Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, EgyptDOI : 10.23893/1307-2080.APS64024 Viewed : 981 - Downloaded : 447 Azo dyes are persistent industrial colorants that contribute significantly to wastewater pollution, and biological remediation offers a chemical-free, cost- effective detoxification strategy. In this study, bacterial strains isolated from a sulfur spring were screened for methyl red decolorization, dye tolerance, activity against other dyes, and cytotoxicity of metabolites. Two strains, identified as Bacillus spizizenii and Bacillus subtilis via MALDITOF MS and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, achieved over 95% decolorization at 50 ppm, 90% at 250 ppm, and 60% at 1250 ppm. B. spizizenii further degraded trypan blue (55%) and methyl orange (42%), while B. subtilis showed limited activity. Cytotoxicity assays revealed higher IC50 values for metabolites from both strains compared to untreated dye, indicating reduced toxicity, with B. spizizenii producing the least harmful byproducts (IC50= 1236.45 µg/ml). These findings highlight Bacillus isolates, particularly B. spizizenii, as versatile candidates for sustainable eco-friendly bioremediation of azo dye-contaminated textile effluents, generating less hazardous byproducts. Keywords : azo dye, bioremediation, methyl red, pollution, sustainability